As part of the training required to practice medicine in the United States, most states require three to five years of graduate medical education for licensure. Subspecialty training through fellowships can extend the graduate medical education process to as much as 11 years after completion of MD program requirements.

Medical residencies and fellowships provide a vast array of inpatient and outpatient training experiences for future physicians as well as opportunities in medical research. IU School of Medicine sponsors 99 ACGME-accredited and 60+ non-accredited residencies and fellowships in a broad range of specialties. IU School of Medicine is also the sponsoring institution for the accredited School of Dentistry residency and fellowship programs.

Integrating resident physicians into the local healthcare and wellness environment is central to the experience at IU School of Medicine, where networking opportunities and access to the academic mission of the organization complement the clinical skills gained as part of training. A mentoring program matches each resident with a Faculty mentor who offers expertise and advice in the specialty area of focus. Residents also participate on professional committees to round out the experience and prepare for successful careers in medicine.

In addition, the Underrepresented in Medicine (URM) Mentor/Mentee Program is designed to enhance the experience of underrepresented residents and fellows in Medicine—including first generation learners, learners from rural areas, and educationally or economically disadvantaged learners—to ensure that all future physicians are poised for successful careers regardless of ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, gender identity or other personal attributes. The program engages residents and fellows with faculty committed to supporting the development of a diverse workforce in healthcare and offers a wide range of activities, social events, workshops and networking opportunities.